Bio Diesel
The Diesel Difference
Diesels are also known as compression ignition engines, and have a different combustion cycle than gasoline engines. In a gasoline engine, fuel is sprayed into the cylinder, mixed with air, and ignited by a spark from the spark plug.
In a diesel, air is drawn into the cylinder and compressed first without fuel present. This compression heats the air to such a high temperature that when fuel is then injected into the cylinder, it combusts. By using higher compression ratios and higher combustion temperatures, diesels operate more efficiently. As a result, diesel vehicles attain better fuel economy than their gasoline counterparts. This fuel economy advantage is enhanced by the fact that a gallon of diesel fuel contains about 10% more energy than a gallon of gasoline. These two factors help modern direct-injection diesels achieve roughly 50% higher fuel economy than their gasoline counterparts. For example, a European model Honda Accord with a 2.2 liter i-CTDi diesel engine is rated at 43.3 MPG, 49 percent higher than the rating of a Honda Accord with a 2.4 liter gasoline engine. The Camry Hybrid is rated at 39 MPG, 10 percent lower than the diesel Accord.
Diesel Emissions
Modern diesels require something of an environmental tradeoff. While generating fewer greenhouse gas emissions (due to greater fuel efficiency), diesels emit larger amounts of two other pollutants:
- Particulate matter is the black cloud that trails many older diesel vehicles. Diesel particulates are harmful to human health as well as aesthetically unpleasing.
- NOx, while less visible, is a key ingredient in the formation of urban smog, and also can contribute to the formation of acid rain.
Higher emissions of these pollutants are diesels’ greatest drawback. There has been an ongoing split in diesel emissions regulations in the US between those required by the Environmental Protection Agency, and those required by the California Air Resources Board.
Currently no new diesel passenger vehicles can be sold in the five states that adhere to the more stringent California requirements: California, Massachusetts, Maine, New York and Vermont. The current diesel Liberty, Beetle, Golf and Jetta, in other words, are 45-state vehicles. The EPA, however, is tightening its diesel emissions requirements, and moving them more into alignment with the California requirements. The point at which the two map exactly for passenger cars is called Tier 2 Bin 5 (T2B5).
For a 2007 or later model year diesel passenger car to be sold in all 50 states, it must meet the T2B5 emissions requirements. Currently, there are no T2B5-compliant, 50-state diesel cars. One is on the horizon—-the new Mercedes E320 BLUETEC, to be introduced in 2007. BLUETEC refers to the emissions after treatment system that enables the vehicle to meet the T2B5 standard. The 2007 E320 BLUETEC has NOx emissions that are more than eight times lower than the outgoing 2006 E320 CDI
The Diesel Dilemma
| Fuel Economy: 81% of U.S. diesel buyers say they bought a diesel engine for higher fuel economy. U.S. buyers should be aware, however, that in the United States diesel could often be more expensive than unleaded gasoline. (In Europe, diesel is taxed less heavily in Europe, and therefore can be substantially cheaper than gasoline.) | Availability: Until cleaner fuel and advanced emissions controls arrive here, availability of diesel models will be limited. New diesels are already absent from five states (California, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, or Maine) that have stricter air quality standards. At the end of 2006, federal pollution rules will tighten, pushing cleaner diesel models out of the entire U.S. market. |
| Longevity: Diesel engines tend to last longer than gasoline engines, leading to higher resale values for many diesel-equipped models. | Emissions: Particulate and NOx emissions are higher than those of comparable gasoline vehicles. (Most diesel engines can use biodiesel without any modification.) |
| Power: Diesels provide greater torque, which can be important for drivers who carry heavy loads or tow trailers. | Price: Adding a diesel engine to a Volkswagen Jetta adds over $1000 to the car’s price, and in medium-duty pickups the increased cost of a diesel engine can exceed $5000. |
| Incentives: Future clean diesels will be eligible for the same types of tax benefits that hybrid vehicles receive. Buyers of the Mercedes E320 BLUETEC, for example, qualify for $1500 off of their tax bill. | Availability of Fuel: Diesel owners must also cope with a refueling network that is more limited than that of gasoline, although their vehicles’ longer range means they have more time to find a station that sells diesel. |
Not an Either-Or Situation
It’s technically possible to use a hybrid drivetrain with a diesel engine. In fact, PSA Peugeot Citroën recently showed a diesel-hybrid prototype: the 307 CC Hybride HDi, a compact convertible that gets 70 miles per gallon, about 30 percent better fuel economy than the existing diesel version. No one makes diesel hybrids yet, mainly because they are expensive. The added benefits come at a double expense—more for the hybrid system and more for the diesel engine. PSA Peugeot Citroën may introduce a diesel hybrid to the market as early as 2010. But no promises yet from the company.
source by autos.yahoo.com
Ronnie Himbau Barca Beli Lampard
BARCELONA - Terkatung-katungnya masa depan Frank Lampard di Chelsea membuat Ronaldinho merasa iba. Ronnie pun mencoba membujuk klubnya Barcelona untuk membeli Lampard musim mendatang.
Masa depan Lampard memang dipertanyakan. Apalagi, belum lama ini pemain asal Inggris itu juga mempertanyakan sikap manajemen The Blues yang juga belum menawarinya kontrak baru.
Alhasil, gosip miring pun mulai menerpa klub bermarkas di Stamford Bridge itu. Lampard dikabarkan bakal segera meninggalkan Chelsea. Kabarnya, Barcelona dan Juventus akan menjadi klub tujuan dia selanjutnya.
Langkah Barca untuk menggaet Lampard sepertinya lebih diunggulkan. Sebab, Ronnie juga sudah berusaha membujuk pemain berusia 28 tahun itu bergabung dengannya di Camp Nou musim mendatang.
“Lampard merupakan pemain yang luar biasa dan dia sudah menunjukkannya di Chelsea selama beberapa tahun. Tentu, saya akan senang bisa bermain dengannya di Barcelona,” puji pemain asal Brasil itu sebagaimana dikutip Goal, Sabtu (15/3/2008).
Kemungkinan kepindahan Lampard ke Nou Camp memang cukup besar. Pasalnya, mantan pelatihnya di Chelsea, Jose Mourinho juga dikabarkan akan menukangi Barca musim depan menggantikan posisi Frank Rijkaard.
Permainan Lampard memang sempat memukau manajemen Barca dua tahun silam. Dalam pertemuan di ajang Liga Champions itu, mantan pemain West Ham United itu membuat sebuah gol indah ketika The Blues menahan imbang Barca 2-2.
source by bola.okezone.com/index.
FIFA Sahkan Ukuran Lapangan Sepakbola Baru
Standar ukuran lapangan sepakbola di seluruh dunia akan segera berubah. Otoritas sepakbola dunia FIFA telah menyetujui proposal baru untuk menstandardisasikan ukuran lapangan sepakbola skala internasional.
Lapangan sepakbola internasional itu nantinya akan berukuran 105 meter x 68 meter. Itu diadopsi dari peraturan baru yang dikeluarkan Asosiasi Sepakbola Internasional (IFA).
Tapi, proposal itu tidak akan menyentuh lapangan sepakbola yang telah ada. Contohnya, ukuran lapangan sepakbola Stadion Ginats, di New Jersey, Amerika Serikat tidak akan mengalami perubahan yang berarti akibat proposal baru FIFA.
AP, Sabtu (15/3/2008), melansir, di lain pihak keputusan FIFA melarang Bolivia menggelar laga internasional tidak berubah. Artinya jika memang suatu tim ngotot bermain di ketinggian lebih dari 11 ribu meter, mereka harus beradaptasi selama 2 pekan terlebih dulu untuk melakukan hal itu.
Federasi Sepakbola Bolivia juga harus membangun tempat baru. Mengantisipasi saran FIFA, tempat tersebut nantinya akan dipakai sebagai venue laga kualifikasi Piala Dunia 2010.
source by bola.okezone.com/index.php
Italy Roundup-Roma’s Totti worried about Milan
ROME, March 14 (Reuters) - Brief news ahead of this weekend’s matches in Italy’s Serie A.
* AS Roma captain Francesco Totti has expressed concern about facing an AC Milan side desperate to climb into the Champions League qualification zone at the Stadio Olimpico on Saturday (1930 GMT).
“Milan worry me a little because the only objective they have left this year is to finish fourth (after Arsenal knocked them of the Champions League last week),” Totti told Sky television.
European champions Milan are one point behind fourth-placed Fiorentina, while second-placed Roma are six adrift of leaders Inter Milan.
Italy midfielder Gennaro Gattuso told reporters that Milan would not be happy to make do with a place in the UEFA Cup next season:
“The aim is fourth place because, with all respect, after having been at a certain level it would be a little sad to go and play at Bratislava or in Bulgaria in the UEFA Cup.”
* Milan striker Filippo Inzaghi and defenders Marek Jankulovski and Alessandro Nesta miss the trip to the capital through injury but midfielder Clarence Seedorf is in the squad after a thigh problem.
Roma full back Marco Cassetti is on the mend from a shoulder problem and makes the home side’s squad for the game.
* Inter’s injury list remains long ahead of Sunday’s home game against Palermo (1400), when the champions will be seeking to regain composure after the confusion caused by coach Roberto Mancini’s quickly reversed decision to quit this week.
Defenders Walter Samuel and Ivan Cordoba and midfielder Olivier Dacourt are expected to miss the rest of the season with knee injuries, while Brazilian duo Cesar and Maxwell have knee and ankle problems respectively.
Mancini announced he intended to leave Inter at the end of the season after Tuesday’s Champions League last-16 defeat by Liverpool, but then made a U-turn on Wednesday.
* Nicola Legrottaglie, Jonathan Zebina and Mauro Camoranesi are suspended for third-placed Juventus’s home game against Napoli on Sunday (1930 GMT), while midfielder Cristiano Zanetti is out because of a thigh injury.
Defender Jorge Andrade is unlikely to play again this season after the club said he underwent a second operation on Thursday on a knee injury he suffered in September.
His compatriot Tiago, however, should be available this weekend after an ankle problem the midfielder picked up in training proved less serious than first feared. Czech midfielder Pavel Nedved returns from a two-match suspension.
* Napoli are without suspended midfielders Daniele Mannini and Manuele Blasi and Uruguayan striker Marcelo Zalayeta, who needs surgery on an knee ligament injury.
* Romania striker Adrian Mutu is battling to return from a knee injury he suffered last month for Fiorentina’s home game against Genoa (1400).
SOURCE BY sports.yahoo.com/sow/news
Soul Meditation
Meditation is thinking about something which it was happened in the last time, usually to repair them from bed habit trough to good habit. It is done to create pace, freedom in the soul and heart in the daily life. every people who life in this world have goals namely happiness in the world and living after death to people who have and believe to religious, happiness in the world, we can get kinds of necessaries as primer, secondary, and tarsier. Happiness after the people death, people must have believed to religion namely Muslim, Kristen, Buda, Catholic, and Hindu. All of them trough to the nirvana, living after the human died, the necessaries will be catch by human if they in the daily life with felling pace, safety, and obligate all of rule that it is from God and government. All of problem at above can be solve by Pangestu organization. Pangestu organization is a group soul education in human life which learnt to human how to do good relation between human with God, human with human, and human with nature. This organization has goal to make human can pace and safety in their life. We as human must know what is the goal of human life in this world? And what is the mater which must be done as God creature?
As God creature human must do big obligate which must be done in the daily life, there are:
- a wear
A wear is loyal to God. We should conscious that we are a human creature, we have created by God in this world with agreements which must be approved by human and must be done so long life in the world. We must do God’s entire rule which replaced in the five religions namely Muslim, Kristen, Buda, Catholic, and Hindu. Each religion has differentiation in the rule to their follower but have one goal that is happiness, pace in the world, and safety when human came back to God.
After we understood the meaning of a wear above, we must do all of obligate. Without our feel that every time, every day, always nearly to the God, so we will feel safety, pace, in passed daily life. For example the reality in the education a student done all of prohibition and obligatory by teacher, a teacher ask to student to do homework and student able to finish that works on time. In the student heart will feeling safety, beside it teacher will be happy and they will notice all of capability which it have by student, so they will create a good relation between teacher and student.
From illustration at above can be conclusion if we near with God, we will easy to do something, and if we able to Understanding very well the meaning of a wear? Human will enjoy the result, and if do seriously, it will be to feel in the daily life.
- Believe
Believed is a strong mater in doing relationship between Human and God, God never help Human if they didn’t believe or not near with them, so believed is a strong mater to doing relation. For example, Human do relation between Human, it didn’t near if they are having believe, with believed will create good relation. The big problem in human life is they less believe to their ability, the power in themselves, if they know in the realty, that themselves is God flash, than God is united with yourself, so no something is difficult to done, we get it with feel believe to ourselves. After we have hard believe at ourselves, we anything will be easy.
- Obedience
Obedience is to obey all of God statement. All of your obligatory which it is differently, if concluded is a matter that is intention.
In doing something you must not forget your intention, because all of working and bring prosperity to human life is a God’s task. You do not to hurry up to doing big task, before you success done small task, because big task come from small task. So all of working which on your hand, must doing so perfectly, serious, and naturally serve to God although look very simple.
If you seriously obedience God invitation, never a matter that turn right or life from the best way in daily life although kinds of temptation come in our life, we can solve them easily.
We must have five characteristic and doing them, so we can perfectly do three maters above, there are:
1.willing.
Willing is taking all of our having, right, and the art result to God.
2. patient
patient is the best characteristic which must having by human. all of religious deceive that God love human patient.
3.polite
the fist object polite is keep promise which have said or still in the heart. People which didn’t keep their promise, they lie themselves.
4.Tawakal
Tawakal is more toward the pace heart. With having this character human will gaining anything which have be their own.
5.Budi Luhur.
In doing life in daily, we must keep out from bad habitually if you like pace in your life. We must obligate all of God rule, there are:
1. Don’t believe ……….
2. We must control all of liking.
3. Don’t eat foods which can destroy our body.
4. Keep the entire rule.
5. Don’t fighting.
The Corrs -What Can I Do (Clip)
She Has An Amazing Voice! She Is Talented in Using Musical Instruments…! Also… A Great Sense Of Creativity is Visible= 10/10
gita gutawa - sempurna
yg asli lbh nge-rock and lebih macho
yang ini lebih romantis dan soft
dua2nya bagus kok
,,,
dua karakter berbeda yang sama2 keren.
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Lima Watak Utama Manusia
Agar kita bisa menjalankan tiga kesanggupan manusia, maka kita wajib memiliki lima macam watak yang utama.
1. Rela : ketulusah hati menyerahkan segala milik, hak, dan semua hasil karya kita kepada Allah dengan ikhlas, menyadari bahwa semuanya adalah milik Allah
2. T awakal( nrimo) : mengarah pada ketentraman hati, menerima apapun yang menjadi bagian kita.
3. jujur: arti pokok menepati janji atau kesanggupan baik yang telah terlahir dalam kata - kata maupun yang masih daam hati.
4. Sabar: sabar berarti rlapang, kuat menderita segala cobaan, tetapi bukan putus asa,melainkan orang yang ber hati sentosa.
5. Budi luhur.
source by sasongko jati
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