Diesel/Biodiesel
1. All vehicles with diesel engines spew a dark black trail of noxious fumes.
Many Americans have not shed the mental image of diesel cars as an environmental nightmare. This partly explains why diesel vehicles account for only about one percent of new car sales in the United States. It’s interesting to note that diesel vehicles in Europe-where by most accounts everything is greener-now account for nearly half of all new vehicle sales. The reality about diesel lies somewhere between Americans’ reluctance and Europeans’ nonchalant attitude about diesel emissions.
When it comes to greenhouse gas emissions, diesels get high marks. There is a one-to-one relationship between greenhouse gas emissions and fuel efficiency. Because diesels are more efficient than conventional cars, they generate less carbon dioxide (the primary culprit for climate change.) However, diesels emit larger amounts of two other pollutants:
- Particulate Matter: Diesel particulates are harmful to human health as well as aesthetically unpleasing.
- Oxides of Nitrogen : While less visible, NOx is a key ingredient in the formation of urban smog, and also can contribute to the formation of acid rain.
Are these pollutants a big deal? According to the California Air Resources Board, they are. Currently no new diesel passenger vehicles can be sold in the five states that adhere to the more stringent California requirements: California, Massachusetts, Maine, New York and Vermont. The current diesel Liberty, Beetle, Golf and Jetta, in other words, are 45-state vehicles. For 2007 models, only one 50-state diesel car is on the horizon–the new Mercedes E320 BLUETEC to be introduced in late 2006. The 2007 E320 BLUETEC has NOx emissions that are more than eight times lower than the outgoing 2006 E320 CDI.
2. It’s hard to find diesel fuel.
Finding fuel for diesel vehicle doesn’t require desperate excursions to the truck stop on the edge of town. It only requires a little careful attention to which of your neighborhood filling stations offers diesel. Nearly half of the 180,000 gas stations in the United States serve up diesel to their customers.
3. Using biodiesel in a diesel engine requires a special conversion.
Biodiesel should not be confused with straight vegetable oil, which is untreated oil that some people use as fuel in their modified diesel cars. Biodiesel–a renewable fuel derived from plant oils or animal fats–is a more standardized product that can be used in most diesel engines without any modifications. (Like conventional diesel fuel, biodiesel can only be used in diesel engines.)
Biodiesel can be used in its pure form, which is called B100 (100 percent biodiesel), or can be blended in any proportion with conventional diesel fuel. Common blends include B20 (20 percent biodiesel and 80 percent conventional diesel), and B5 (5 percent biodiesel and 95 percent conventional diesel). According to the Department of Energy, 431 fueling stations in the United States offer commercial biodiesel, although many of these locations sell only low-level blends.
The inconvenience may not be such a big issue–if you’re comfortable with switching back and forth from petroleum diesel and biodiesel, or if you’re willing to take a do-it-yourself approach. Unlike any other fuel for modern engines, biodiesel can be made at home without investing heavily in special equipment or earning a degree in chemistry. Is biodiesel worth the inconvenience or the extra work? That depends how strongly you feel about using a renewable fuel that can be produced domesticall
source by autos.yahoo.com
Bio Diesel
The Diesel Difference
Diesels are also known as compression ignition engines, and have a different combustion cycle than gasoline engines. In a gasoline engine, fuel is sprayed into the cylinder, mixed with air, and ignited by a spark from the spark plug.
In a diesel, air is drawn into the cylinder and compressed first without fuel present. This compression heats the air to such a high temperature that when fuel is then injected into the cylinder, it combusts. By using higher compression ratios and higher combustion temperatures, diesels operate more efficiently. As a result, diesel vehicles attain better fuel economy than their gasoline counterparts. This fuel economy advantage is enhanced by the fact that a gallon of diesel fuel contains about 10% more energy than a gallon of gasoline. These two factors help modern direct-injection diesels achieve roughly 50% higher fuel economy than their gasoline counterparts. For example, a European model Honda Accord with a 2.2 liter i-CTDi diesel engine is rated at 43.3 MPG, 49 percent higher than the rating of a Honda Accord with a 2.4 liter gasoline engine. The Camry Hybrid is rated at 39 MPG, 10 percent lower than the diesel Accord.
Diesel Emissions
Modern diesels require something of an environmental tradeoff. While generating fewer greenhouse gas emissions (due to greater fuel efficiency), diesels emit larger amounts of two other pollutants:
- Particulate matter is the black cloud that trails many older diesel vehicles. Diesel particulates are harmful to human health as well as aesthetically unpleasing.
- NOx, while less visible, is a key ingredient in the formation of urban smog, and also can contribute to the formation of acid rain.
Higher emissions of these pollutants are diesels’ greatest drawback. There has been an ongoing split in diesel emissions regulations in the US between those required by the Environmental Protection Agency, and those required by the California Air Resources Board.
Currently no new diesel passenger vehicles can be sold in the five states that adhere to the more stringent California requirements: California, Massachusetts, Maine, New York and Vermont. The current diesel Liberty, Beetle, Golf and Jetta, in other words, are 45-state vehicles. The EPA, however, is tightening its diesel emissions requirements, and moving them more into alignment with the California requirements. The point at which the two map exactly for passenger cars is called Tier 2 Bin 5 (T2B5).
For a 2007 or later model year diesel passenger car to be sold in all 50 states, it must meet the T2B5 emissions requirements. Currently, there are no T2B5-compliant, 50-state diesel cars. One is on the horizon—-the new Mercedes E320 BLUETEC, to be introduced in 2007. BLUETEC refers to the emissions after treatment system that enables the vehicle to meet the T2B5 standard. The 2007 E320 BLUETEC has NOx emissions that are more than eight times lower than the outgoing 2006 E320 CDI
The Diesel Dilemma
| Fuel Economy: 81% of U.S. diesel buyers say they bought a diesel engine for higher fuel economy. U.S. buyers should be aware, however, that in the United States diesel could often be more expensive than unleaded gasoline. (In Europe, diesel is taxed less heavily in Europe, and therefore can be substantially cheaper than gasoline.) | Availability: Until cleaner fuel and advanced emissions controls arrive here, availability of diesel models will be limited. New diesels are already absent from five states (California, Massachusetts, New York, Vermont, or Maine) that have stricter air quality standards. At the end of 2006, federal pollution rules will tighten, pushing cleaner diesel models out of the entire U.S. market. |
| Longevity: Diesel engines tend to last longer than gasoline engines, leading to higher resale values for many diesel-equipped models. | Emissions: Particulate and NOx emissions are higher than those of comparable gasoline vehicles. (Most diesel engines can use biodiesel without any modification.) |
| Power: Diesels provide greater torque, which can be important for drivers who carry heavy loads or tow trailers. | Price: Adding a diesel engine to a Volkswagen Jetta adds over $1000 to the car’s price, and in medium-duty pickups the increased cost of a diesel engine can exceed $5000. |
| Incentives: Future clean diesels will be eligible for the same types of tax benefits that hybrid vehicles receive. Buyers of the Mercedes E320 BLUETEC, for example, qualify for $1500 off of their tax bill. | Availability of Fuel: Diesel owners must also cope with a refueling network that is more limited than that of gasoline, although their vehicles’ longer range means they have more time to find a station that sells diesel. |
Not an Either-Or Situation
It’s technically possible to use a hybrid drivetrain with a diesel engine. In fact, PSA Peugeot Citroën recently showed a diesel-hybrid prototype: the 307 CC Hybride HDi, a compact convertible that gets 70 miles per gallon, about 30 percent better fuel economy than the existing diesel version. No one makes diesel hybrids yet, mainly because they are expensive. The added benefits come at a double expense—more for the hybrid system and more for the diesel engine. PSA Peugeot Citroën may introduce a diesel hybrid to the market as early as 2010. But no promises yet from the company.
source by autos.yahoo.com
How to Known Personality
1. We must honest to ourselves
example: we promise to get up 04.00 a.m and we on time get up at the time.
2. faithful to other correct order and all of rule, that is from God or Country
3. Believe to God about power in our self
4. Patient receive all of anything which has happened.
5. Controlling our the desire
